---
title: How to Save a Failing Regression with PLS
description: How to Save a Failing Regression with PLS
image: https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/B2BML%20-%20NEW%20FILE%20MANAGER%20STRUCTURE/Blog%20Images/Imported_Blog_Media/edamame_by_zesmerelda_in_chicago-3.jpg
---

English

- [English](https://blog.minitab.com/en/?hsLang=en)
- [Français](https://blog.minitab.com/fr/?hsLang=en)
- [Deutsch](https://blog.minitab.com/de/?hsLang=en)
- [Português](https://blog.minitab.com/pt/?hsLang=en)
- [Español](https://blog.minitab.com/es/?hsLang=en)
- [日本語](https://blog.minitab.com/ja/?hsLang=en)
- [한국어](https://blog.minitab.com/ko/?hsLang=en)
- [中文（简体）](https://blog.minitab.com/zh/?hsLang=en)

- [![Icon Partners](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/Partners.png) Partners](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/partners/)
- [![Icon Contact](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/Contact.png) Contact](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/contact-us/)
- [![Icon Talk to Minitab](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/Phone.png) Talk to Minitab](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/talk-to-minitab/)
- [![Icon My Account](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/MyAcct.png) My Account](https://licensing.minitab.com/account/manage)

[![Minitab](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/minitab-corp-logo.svg)](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/)

- Products
  
  Back
  
  [Products](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/)
  
  [All Products](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/) 
    - [Minitab Solution Center](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/minitab-solution-center/)
    - [Minitab Statistical Software](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/minitab/)
    - [Minitab Connect](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/connect/)
    - [Minitab Model Ops](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/model-ops/)
    - [Minitab Education Hub](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/education-hub/)
    - [Minitab Engage](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/engage/)
    - [Minitab Workspace](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/workspace/)
    - [Real-Time SPC](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/real-time-spc/)
    - [Prolink Data Collection & SPC](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/prolink)
    - [Simul8 Discrete Event Simulation](https://info.minitab.com/en/new-to-simul8?hsLang=en)
    - [SPM](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/products/spm/)
- Solutions
  
  Back
  
  [Solutions](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/)
  
  [All Solutions](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/) 
    - [Analytics](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/analytics/)
    - [Statistics & Predictive Analytics](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/analytics/statistical-analysis-predictive-analytics/)
    - [Data Science & Machine Learning](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/analytics/data-science-machine-learning/)
    - [Business Analytics & Intelligence](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/analytics/business-analytics-intelligence/)
    - [Statistical Process Control](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/analytics/statistical-process-control/)
    - [Quality Analytics](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/analytics/quality-analytics/)
    - [Live Analytics](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/analytics/live-analytics/)
    - [Reliability & Life Data Analysis](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/analytics/reliability/)
    - [Discrete Event Simulation](https://info.minitab.com/en/new-to-simul8?hsLang=en)
    - [Process Mining](https://info.minitab.com/en/new-to-simul8?hsLang=en)
    - [Key Capabilities](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/key-capabilities/)
    - [Continuous Improvement](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/key-capabilities/continuous-improvement/)
    - [Data Integration & Data Prep](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/key-capabilities/data-integration-data-prep/)
    - [Diagramming & Mind Mapping](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/key-capabilities/diagramming-mind-mapping/)
    - [Digital Twins](https://info.minitab.com/en/new-to-simul8?hsLang=en)
    - [Model Deployment & ML Ops](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/key-capabilities/model-deployment-ml-ops/)
    - [Innovation & Project Management](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/key-capabilities/innovation-project-management/)
    - [Process Excellence: Detect, Correct & Prevent](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/key-capabilities/process-excellence/)
    - [Featured Industries](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/)
    - [Academic](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/academic/)
    - [Energy & Natural Resources](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/energy-resources/)
    - [Government & Public Sector](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/government/)
    - [Healthcare](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/healthcare/)
    - [Insurance](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/insurance/)
    - [Manufacturing & Industrial](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/manufacturing-industrial/)
    - [Services](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/service-industries/)
    - [Software & Technology](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/software-technology/)
    - [Construction](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/industry/construction/)
    - [Featured Roles](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/)
    - [Engineering](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/engineering/)
    - [Business Analysis](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/business-analysts/)
    - [Information Technology](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/information-technology/)
    - [Supply Chain](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/supply-chain/)
    - [Customer Service & Contact Center](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/customer-service-contact-center/)
    - [Human Resources](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/human-resources/)
    - [Marketing](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/marketing/)
    - [Research and Development](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/solutions/role/research-and-development/)
- Resources & Services
  
  Back
  
  [Resources & Services](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/)
  
  [All Resources & Services](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/) 
    - [Resources](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/resources/)
    - [Case Studies](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/resources/case-studies/)
    - [eBooks & White Papers](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/resources/ebooks-and-white-papers/)
    - [Blog](https://blog.minitab.com/blog/?hsLang=en)
    - [Data Sets](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/resources/data-set/)
    - [Webinars & Events](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/resources/events/)
    - [Education Hub](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/resources/education-hub/)
    - [Services](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/services/)
    - [Training](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/services/training/)
    - [Deployment](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/services/deployment/)
    - [Consulting](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/services/statistical-consulting/)
    - [Self-Paced Learning](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/services/self-paced-learning/)
    - [Continuing Education](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/services/continuing-education/)
- Support
  
  Back
  
  [Support](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/)
  
  [Technical Support](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/) 
    - [Subscriptions & Activation](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/subscriptions-and-activation/)
    - [Minitab Quick Start](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/quick-start/)
    - [Training](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/resources-services/services/training/)
    - [Installation Support](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/installation/)
    - [Support Videos](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/videos/)
    - [Support Documentation](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/documents/)
    - [Software Updates](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/software-updates/)
    - [Product Downloads](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/downloads/)
    - [Support Policy](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/support/policy/)
- Company
  
  Back
  
  [Company](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/)
  
  [Company](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/) 
    - [About Us](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/our-company/)
    - [Leadership Team](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/leadership-team/)
    - [Partners](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/partners/)
    - [Careers](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/careers/)
    - [Contact](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/contact-us/)
    - [News](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/press-releases/)

[Try/Buy](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/try-buy/)

- [Statistics](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/statistics)
- [Data Analysis](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/data-analysis)
  
    - <https://www.minitab.com/en-us/>
- [Quality Improvement](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/quality-improvement)

- [Subscribe](https://info.minitab.com/blog/subscribe?hsLang=en)

![Minitab](https://20853177.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/20853177/minitab-corp-logo.svg?t=1755011311618)

## Notice

You are now leaving minitab.com.

 Click Continue to proceed to:

 Continue

 Go Back

# How to Save a Failing Regression with PLS

[Cody Steele](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/author/cody-steele)  |  9/28/2016

 Topics: [Data Analysis](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/data-analysis), [Statistics](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/statistics), [Regression Analysis](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/regression-analysis)

- [Share](https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/statistics-and-quality-improvement/fix-problems-in-regression-analysis-with-partial-least-squares)
- [Share](https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/statistics-and-quality-improvement/fix-problems-in-regression-analysis-with-partial-least-squares)

Face it, you love regression analysis as much as I do. Regression is one of the most satisfying analyses in [Minitab](http://www.minitab.com/en-US/products/minitab/free-trial/): get some predictors that should have a relationship to a response, go through a model selection process, interpret fit statistics like adjusted R2 and predicted R2, and make predictions. Yes, regression really is quite wonderful.

Except when it’s not. Dark, seedy corners of the data world exist, lying in wait to make regression confusing or impossible. Good old ordinary least squares regression, to be specific.

For instance, sometimes you have a lot of *detail* in your data, but not a lot of data. Want to see what I mean?

1. In Minitab, choose **Help > Sample Data...**
2. Open Soybean.mtw.

The data has 88 variables about soybeans, the results of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy at different wavelengths. But the data contains only 60 measurements, and the data are arranged to save 6 measurements for validation runs.

## A Limit on Coefficients

With ordinary least squares regression, you only estimate as many coefficients as the data have samples. Thus, the traditional method that’s satisfactory in most cases would only let you estimate 53 coefficients for variables plus a constant coefficient.

This could leave you wondering about whether any of the other possible terms might have information that you need.

## Multicollinearity

The NIR measurements are also highly collinear with each other. This [multicollinearity](https://blog.minitab.com/blog/understanding-statistics/handling-multicollinearity-in-regression-analysis?hsLang=en) complicates using statistical significance to choose among the variables to include in the model.

When the data have more variables than samples, especially when the predictor variables are highly collinear, it’s a good time to consider partial least squares regression.

## How to Perform Partial Least Squares Regression

Try these steps if you want to follow along in Minitab Statistical Software using the soybean data:

1. Choose **Stat > Regression > Partial Least Squares**.
2. In **Responses**, enter *Fat*.
3. In **Model**, enter *‘1’-‘88’*.
4. Click **Options**.
5. Under **Cross-Validation**, select **Leave-one-out**. Click OK.
6. Click **Results**.
7. Check **Coefficients**. Click **OK** twice.

One of the great things about partial least squares regression is that it forms components and then does ordinary least squares regression with them. Thus the results include statistics that are familiar. For example, [predicted R2](https://blog.minitab.com/blog/adventures-in-statistics/multiple-regession-analysis-use-adjusted-r-squared-and-predicted-r-squared-to-include-the-correct-number-of-variables?hsLang=en) is the criterion that Minitab uses to choose the number of components.

![Minitab selects the model with the highest predicted R-squared.](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/B2BML%20-%20NEW%20FILE%20MANAGER%20STRUCTURE/Blog%20Images/Imported_Blog_Media/model_selection-Jul-05-2025-10-41-18-4416-PM.gif)

Each of the 9 components in the model that maximizes the predicted R2 value is a complex linear combination of all 88 of the variables. So although the ANOVA table shows that you’re using only 9 degrees of freedom for the regression, the analysis uses information from all of the data.

![The regression uses 9 degrees of freedom.](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/B2BML%20-%20NEW%20FILE%20MANAGER%20STRUCTURE/Blog%20Images/Imported_Blog_Media/anova-Jul-05-2025-10-41-20-4621-PM.gif)

 The full list of standardized coefficients shows the relative importance of each predictor in the model. (I’m only showing a portion here because the table is 88 rows long.)

![Each variable has a standardized coefficient.](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/B2BML%20-%20NEW%20FILE%20MANAGER%20STRUCTURE/Blog%20Images/Imported_Blog_Media/coefficients-Jul-05-2025-10-41-19-4550-PM.gif)

Ordinary least squares regression is a great tool that’s allowed people to make lots of good decision over the years. But there are times when it’s not satisfying. Got too much detail in your data? Partial least squares regression could be the answer.

Want more partial least squares regression now? Check out how [Unifi used partial least squares to improve their processes faster](http://www.minitab.com/en-US/Case-Studies/Unifi-Manufacturing-Inc/).

##### The image of the soybeans is by Tammy Green and is licensed for reuse under this [Creative Commons License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en).

## You Might Also Like

<https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/new-minitab-updates-unite-data-collection-preparation-and-predictive-analytics?hsLang=en>

[New Minitab Updates Unite Data Collection, Preparation, and Predictive Analytics](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/new-minitab-updates-unite-data-collection-preparation-and-predictive-analytics?hsLang=en)

[Data Preparation](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/data-preparation)  | 5 Minute Read

<https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/artemis-ii-heat-shield-how-do-you-decide-under-uncertainty?hsLang=en>

[Artemis II Heat Shield: How Do You Decide in Uncertain Conditions?](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/artemis-ii-heat-shield-how-do-you-decide-under-uncertainty?hsLang=en)

[Data Analysis](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/data-analysis)  | 4 Minute Read

<https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/6-trends-shaping-business-decisions-in-2026?hsLang=en>

[6 Trends Shaping Business Decisions in 2026](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/6-trends-shaping-business-decisions-in-2026?hsLang=en)

[Oee](https://blog.minitab.com/en/blog/tag/oee)  | 8 Minute Read

---

- [Careers](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/company/careers/)
- [Trust Center](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/trust-center/)
- [Suppliers](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/suppliers/)
- [Site Map](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/site-map/)

- [![linkedin](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/linkedin-1.png)](https://www.linkedin.com/company/minitab/)
- [![facebook](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/facebook.png)](https://www.facebook.com/Minitab/)
- [![youtube](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/youtube.png)](https://www.youtube.com/user/MinitabInc)
- [![instagram](https://blog.minitab.com/hubfs/WCM/instagram.png)](https://www.instagram.com/minitab/)

---

© 2025 Minitab, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

- [Terms of Use](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/legal/terms-of-use/)
- [Privacy Policy](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/legal/privacy-policy/)
- [Legal](https://www.minitab.com/en-us/legal/)

- Cookies Settings